UNIT 6. RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM

6. Restoration, liberalism and nationalism

1.     What were the effects of the Napoleonic defeat?

2.     Why was the first half of 19^th century characterized by regular revolts and revolutions?

-What was the political reaction in the first half of the 19th century in Europe?

3.     What were the features of Romanticism?
-  What happened in America during the first half of 19th century?

4.     What was the Restoration?

5.     Why was the Holy Alliance formed?

6.     What were the two main measures of the Congress of Vienna? Explain them.
-Which countries formed the Holy Alliance?

7.     Fill in the blanks ENGLISH EXPLANATION

1814-1820
	Trienio Liberal
		Victory of absolutism

8.     What organization gave Ferdinand VII his absolute power back?

9.     What law allowed Isabel to become queen of Spain?

10. What was the Salic law and what conflict did it cause?

11. Who was Isabel’s mother? Three points plus or minus.

12. What political theories inspired the revolutions of the 19^th century?

13. What were Liberalism principles?

14. What were Nationalism principles?

15. What were Democracy principles?

16. What revolutions took place in the 1820s?

What revolutions took place in1830

  What revolutions took place in 1848

17. What was the German Confederation?

18. Look at the map in page 124. Name the eight existing Italian states before Italian unification. Write them in alphabetical order.

19. Look at the map in page 124. Which German states formed the North German Confederation? Write them in alphabetical order.

20. Look at the map in page 124. Which territories joined the German Empire in 1871?

21. Fill in the blanks

	Germany	Italy
Central kingdom
Date unification	1870	1870
Enemies
Main politicians

22. What did political conflicts do to Spain in the mid-19^th century?

23. What’s the Spanish word for military revolt in nineteenth century?

24. Why was the reign of Isabel II important for Spain?

25. What were the two main Spanish political parties in mid-19^th century? What were their characteristics?

26. How many constitutions were proposed (not passed) during nineteenth century in Spain? Explain your answer. Three points.

27. What type of suffrage was established during Isabel’s reign?

28. How did the military participate in politics during the 19^th century in Spain?

29. Who were Isabel II’s regents?

30. When was General Espartero regent?

31. When did First Carlist War begin?

32. How many years did it last?

33. How many years did Espartero’s regency last? The answer is in the text. Think about it.

34. What were the Carlist Wars?

35. Look at the map in page 126. Which were the three main Carlist cities during the First Carlist War?

36. Why did the population of the United States increase rapidly during the 19th century?

37.  What states appeared before 1803? Write them.

38. What states appeared between 1803 and 1848?

39. The Mexican-American War ended in 1848. What states appeared between 1848 and 1861?

40. The American Civil War began in 1861. What states appeared between 1861 and 1900?

41. What states appeared after 1900?

42. What was the American Civil War's main cause?

43. Who won American Civil War?

44.  What's Spanish king lost Spanish colonies in America?

45. Which examples encouraged Spanish American colonies to fight for their freedom?

46. Why did Great Britain give support to the Spanish American revolutionaries?

47. What did the Creole upper middle classes want?

48.  Who were the Libertadores?

49. What American territories stayed under Spanish control during 19th century?

50. What type of government did the new countries adopt?

51. What was the negative effect of independence for Latin America?

52. Look at the map in page 130. Which present day countries formed Gran Colombia in 19^th century?

53. Look at the map in page 130. Which present day countries were included in the United Provinces of Central America?

54. Look at the map in page 130. What was the first Latin American country independent from Spain?

55. Look at the map in page 130. When did Haiti gain its independence?

56. Look at the map in page 130. When did Brazil separate from Portugal?

57. Fill in the blanks. When did these countries gain its independence?

Date of independence	Country
1804
1810
1811
1818
1821
1821
1822
1822
1823
1825
1828
1844
1902

58. When was the Romanticism predominant in Europe?

59. When was the Romanticism predominant in Spain?

60. What romantic element was shared by liberalism?

61. Why were romantic artists the first ones to break the rules?

62. What historical period was used by romantic artists for inspiration?

63. What elements defined the romantic sculpture?

64. What were the romantic painting characteristics?

65. What was medieval style recovered by Spanish Romantic architects?