jueves, 10 de abril de 2014

UNIT 2. STATES OF THE WORLD vocabulary

    ORDENAR ALFABÉTICAMENTE Y BUSCAR UNA DEFINICIÓN EN INGLÉS DE VEINTE PALABRAS O MENOS.
    EL TÍTULO ESTÁ ARRIBA. SE COPIA CADA PALABRA EN NEGRO Y LA DEFINICIÓN EN AZUL.
  • anthem
  • border
  • boundary
  • balanced budget
  • currency
  • country
  • company
  • civil servant
  • consulate
  • court
  • civil liberties
  • deputy
  • dam
  • to decrease
  • ethnicity
  • elongated
  • free press
  • free speech
  • flag
  • flawed democracy
  • foreigner
  • gender
  • housing
  • head of state
  • habit


state
nation
labour union
public official
to punish
inland
policy
public works
subsidy
state budget deficit NO SE BUSCA
tax
revenue
income
public debt
'welfare state'
representative
voting process
 
referendum
in need
social state

to issue
to enforce
to inhabit
to fine
to pass
to stand as
to make up
to request

spokesperson
to appoint
deliberative body=cuerpo deliberativo (parlamento o cortes) NO SE BUSCA
court of justice
asylum
banking
social insurance
airspace
degree
to oversee
to manage
ordinance
to penalize
to grant
permit (noun)
to carry out
arms control
trade agreement
ballot

martes, 11 de marzo de 2014

units 9 and 10 BILINGUAL GROUP


Unit 9. The EU secondary sector

 

1.             What are the main problems in the European mining sector?

2.             What are the effects of problems in the European mining sector?

3.             Look at the diagrams. What European country is the principal producer of energy minerals?

4.             Look at the diagrams. What country is the second largest producer of crude oil in Europe?

5.             Look at the map. How many people work in the industry in Spain? Say it in millions, please.

6.             Look at the chart. What is the most industrialized EU country?

7.             Look at the chart. What position does Spain occupy on the chart?

8.             What percentage of EU population work in industry?

9.             What are the most important EU industries?

10.         Why is industrial employment decreasing in Western Europe?

11.         How is the industry in Eastern Europe today?

12.         What are the challenges facing EU industries?

13.         What are the results of co-operation between EU enterprises?

14.         What mining products are not sufficient to cover Spain’s needs?

15.         Why does Spain have a shortage of energy resources?

16.         What is the most-consumed energy in Spain? What countries are our suppliers?

17.         What is the situation of nuclear energy in Spain?

18.         Why had Spanish coal production declined in the last years?

19.         Look at the map. Mention in alphabetical order the Spanish towns with refineries.

20.         Look at the map. What Spanish nuclear plants are closed?

21.         Look at the map. From which Spanish town does the pipeline with Algerian oil come?

22.         Look at the diagram. What renewable energy was most consumed in Spain in 2010?

23.         Look at the diagram. What renewable energy was least consumed in Spain in 2010?

24.         Look at the time line. Why did the industrial process begin later in Spain than in Great Britain or France?

25.         Look at the time line. Where was Spanish industry concentrated at the beginning of 20th century?

26.         Look at the time line. When did Spanish industry recover from Spanish Civil War destructions?

27.         Look at the time line. What were the Spanish industry weak points at 1970?

28.         Look at the time line. Explain the Spanish industry second restructuring at 1990s.

29.         Look at the map 13. What are the Spanish communities most industrialized?

30.         Look at the map 13. What are the Spanish communities least industrialized?

31.         Look at the map 13. In which products is Andalusian industry specialized?

32.         Look at the map 12. What are the Spanish large industrial centers?

33.         Look at the map 12. What is the name of industrial region from Girona/Gerona to Murcia?

34.         Look at the map 12. What is the name of industrial region from Bilbao to Barcelona?

35.         Look at the map 12. What are the areas of urgent reindustrialization in Spain?

36.         How could Spain modernize its industries in 1980s and 1990s?

37.         What are the weaknesses of Spanish industry?

38.         Is Spain an industrial power? Why?


Unit 10. The tertiary sector

 

1.              Explain the tertiary sector.

2.              Explain the ‘tertiarization’ of economies in developed countries. Long answer.

3.              Who are services providers?

4.              What are the differences between traditional and advanced services?

5.              Mention the factors of dominance of the service sector in developed countries.

6.              Explain the tertiarization of industries.

7.              Why have services of developed countries been outsourced?

8.              What percentage of European jobs could be outsourced in the future?

9.              What are the Indian advantages to receive those jobs?

10.           What is the transport?

11.           Explain that is infrastructure.

12.           What are the economic functions of transport?

13.           What is the transport network? What elements form it?

14.           Name the types of transport networks.

15.           Explain the transport networks in developed countries.

16.           Explain the transport networks in less developed countries.

17.           Name the transport systems.

18.           What are the main disadvantages of road transport?

19.           Explain the rail transport.

20.           Look at the map. What towns must you cross in a rail trip from Chicago to El Paso? Name them.

21.           Look at the map. What part of United States has more roads?

22.           Look at the map. Name the main ports in Europe in alphabetical order.

23.           Look at the map. What continent has more main ports?

24.           Look at the map. What is the ocean with more commercial shipping routes?

25.           Why is the water transport less developed in Spain than in other European countries?

26.           Why are the airports very large and they occupy so much space?

27.           Why are the airports transport nodes?

28.           Where are the main air transport nodes located? Why?

29.           What European countries have more than 500 airports?

30.           What country in the world has the most airports?

31.           What is the first city in the world by total movements of freight and passengers?

32.           What is the first city in Europe by total movements of freight and passengers?

33.           What is attracted by the airports?

34.           What is trade?

35.           What are the main elements of trade?

36.           Explain domestic trade.

37.           Who is a wholesaler?

38.           Who is a retailer?

39.           What is foreign trade?

40.           What are imports?

41.           What are exports?

42.           What is the balance of trade?

43.           When is the balance of trade positive?

44.           When is the balance of trade negative?

45.           What are the main exports of developed countries?

46.           What are the main exports of less developed countries?

47.           Look at map 8. What are the main buyers of EU products? Think it.

48.           What is tourism?

49.           How was tourism before the mid-twentieth century?

50.           What are the three phases in development of contemporary tourism?

51.           What is the most common type of tourism?

52.           What are the reasons for the rapid growth of tourism in developed countries? Explain it.

53.           Mention the positive effects of tourism.

54.           Mention the negative effects of tourism.

55.           How are the jobs in the tourist sector?

56.           What are the main environmental impacts of tourism?

57.           Look at the map about world tourism. How many people visit China?

58.           Look at the map about world tourism. How many people visit Italy?

59.           Look at the map about world tourism. How many people visit France?

60.           Look at the map about world tourism. How many people visit Spain?

61.           Look at the map about world tourism. How many people visit United States?

martes, 18 de febrero de 2014

Industry vocabulary


Secondary sector: economic sector that consists of construction and industry.

Raw material: resource that is transformed into finished or semi-finished products by means of an industrial process.

Energy source: natural resource that provides the necessary power to operate machines.

Human resources: workers, personnel.

Capital: money, buildings and machinery used in industrial production.

Finished product: industrial product that is ready for consumption.

Semi-finished product: industrial product used as raw material in other industries.

Hydrocarbon: chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon.

Refining process: process that extracts derivates like petrol and diesel from oil.

Developed country: rich industrialized country with high living standards.

Strike: period of time when workers agree to stop working to get better working conditions.

Developing country: (comparatively) poor country trying to develop industry and improve living standards.

Pyme: small or medium-sized company with a limited number of employees and limited profits.

Steel: metal alloy (mix) of iron and carbon that can be elastic, hard, or resistant, depending on the proportion of the mix.

High-tension power line: line used for the transmission of electricity.

Phosphate: substance used as fertilizer.

Caustic soda: substance used in many industries, such as soap making.

Concrete: very hard building material made by mixing small stones, sand, water and cement.

Dairy product: milk or milk product.

Spinning: process of transforming raw material like cotton or wool into thread.

Weaving: process of making cloth or textiles from threads.

Industrial park: industrial areas on the outskirts of a city with factories, industrial plants, warehouses, services, and transport links; mostly for light industry.

Technology park: industrial area dedicated to high technology, research, development, and innovation, with low environmental impact.

Intranet: internal computer network with Internet technology for use inside a company or organization.

RDI: research, development and innovation (I+D+i: investigación, desarrollo e innovación).

Biodegradable: applied to substances that are rapidly decomposed by the action of living organisms, usually microorganisms.

Scrap metal: old pieces of metal that have been thrown away but can be reprocessed.

European Union: association of democratic European countries with common policies to achieve the political and economic integration of Europe.

Newly Industrialized Countries: Asian countries (South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand) whose economies have grown spectacularly in recent years because of the development of the industrial sector and have abundant human resources, state support, and competitive prices.

Ozone layer: layer of gases in the atmosphere that stops dangerous radiation from reaching the Earth.

Environmental impact study: study that evaluates the effects a new construction can have on the environment.